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Flux balance analysis (FBA) is a mathematical method for simulating metabolism in genome-scale reconstructions of metabolic networks. In comparison to traditional methods of modeling, FBA is less intensive in terms of the input data required for constructing the model. Simulations performed using FBA are computationally inexpensive and can calculate steady-state metabolic fluxes for large models (over 2000 reactions) in a few seconds on modern personal computers. FBA finds applications in bioprocess engineering to systematically identify modifications to the metabolic networks of microbes used in fermentation processes that improve product yields of industrially important chemicals such as ethanol and succinic acid.〔Ranganathan, Sridhar, Patrick F. Suthers, and Costas D. Maranas. "OptForce: An Optimization Procedure for Identifying All Genetic Manipulations Leading to Targeted Overproductions." ''PLoS Comput Biol'' 6, no. 4 (April 15, 2010): e1000744. 〕 It has also been used for the identification of putative drug targets in cancer and pathogens,〔Raman, Karthik, Kalidas Yeturu, and Nagasuma Chandra. "targetTB: A Target Identification Pipeline for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Through an Interactome, Reactome and Genome-scale Structural Analysis." BMC Systems Biology 2, no. 1 (December 19, 2008): 109. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-2-109. 〕 rational design of culture media,〔Hong Yang, Charles M. Roth, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou. "A rational design approach for amino acid supplementation in hepatocyte culture." Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2009, 103: 1176–1191:DOI: 10.1002/bit.22342〕 and more recently host–pathogen interactions.〔Raghunathan, Anu, Sookil Shin, and Simon Daefler. "Systems Approach to Investigating Host-pathogen Interactions in Infections with the Biothreat Agent Francisella. Constraints-based Model of Francisella tularensis." BMC Systems Biology 4, no. 1 (August 23, 2010): 118. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-4-118. 〕 The results of FBA can be visualized using flux maps similar to the image on the right, which illustrates the steady-state fluxes carried by reactions in glycolysis. The thickness of the arrows is proportional to the flux through the reaction. FBA formalizes the system of equations describing the concentration changes in a metabolic network as the dot product of a matrix of the stoichiometric coefficients (the stoichiometric matrix S) and the vector v of the unsolved fluxes. The right-hand side of the dot product is a vector of zeros representing the system at steady state. Linear programming is then used to calculate a solution of fluxes corresponding to the steady state. ==History== Some of the earliest work in FBA dates back to the early 1980s. Papoutsakis demonstrated that it was possible to construct flux balance equations using a metabolic map. It was Watson,〔Watson MR (1984) Metabolic maps for the Apple II. 12, 1093-1094 〕 however, who first introduced the idea of using linear programming and an objective function to solve for the fluxes in a pathway. The first significant study was subsequently published by Fell and Small, who used flux balance analysis together with more elaborate objective functions to study the constraints in fat synthesis. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flux balance analysis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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